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Rural electrification and solar energy in sub-Saharan Africa.
Electrification rurale et Ć©nergie solaire en Afrique sub-sahari
Electrification rurale et Ć©nergie solaire en Afrique sub-sahari
Nicolas RƩmƩnƩ / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0146119.jpg
Yorosso (Mali) March 4th, 2016: Solar central of Yorosso.
Yorosso (Mali), le 4 mars 2016: Centrale solaire de Yorosso. Ā© Nicolas RĆ©mĆ©nĆ© pour FRES
Yorosso (Mali), le 4 mars 2016: Centrale solaire de Yorosso. Ā© Nicolas RĆ©mĆ©nĆ© pour FRES
Meeting with Sapouy's Kogl-weogo (Burkina Faso)
Rencontre avec les Kogl-weogo de Sapouy (Burkina Faso)
Rencontre avec les Kogl-weogo de Sapouy (Burkina Faso)
Nicolas RƩmƩnƩ / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0145766.jpg
Sapouy, Burkina Faso, March 14th, 2016. Meeting with Sapouy's Kogl-weogo (Burkina Faso)
Kogl-weogo, literally "defenders of the bush" in the MorƩ language, are grouped in association in order to form rustic militias. Their purpose is to fight against thieves in rural areas, where the police isn't always active and where they blame justice for not doing its job by letting free too easily presumed thieves, because of a lack of evidence.
Kogl-weogo, with the support of the rural people, are chasing after criminals that stole, hold and sometimes kill innocents citizens to judge and punish them themselves.
Kogl-weogo, with their will to bring justice themselves, are bullying and torturing criminals until they confess. They are attached to a tree, feet and fists joined, for days where members of the association will torture them. This method can also bring death to thieves.
Those armed militias composed of ordinaries people are becoming a real problem in Burkina Faso because of their increasing number. The interrogation aorund this matter is a real topic and confrontations in Sapouy have been between police members and Kogl-weogo who were reunited in order to defend their cause after the arrestation of a few members of the Kogl-weogo group in the Fada area.
The government isn't giving his opinion at this moment. Some are seeing in this armed group, dangerous and hardly controllable people that aren't following rules and the law of the country.
Furthermore, confusion could spring between members of the Kogl-weogo group and djihadists who have attemped a terrorist attack in september, so 2 months ago.
Sapouy, Burkina Faso le 14 mars 2016 Rencontre avec les Kogl-weogo de Sapouy. Les Kogl-Weogo, littĆ©ralement les Ā« dĆ©fenseurs de la brousse Ā» en morĆ©, se sont regroupĆ©es en association pour former des milices villageoises dont le but est de lutter contre les voleurs dans les zones rurales, lĆ oĆ¹ la police nā€™est pas toujours prĆ©sente et oĆ¹ ils reprochent Ć la justice de ne pas faire son travail en libĆ©rant trop facilement des prĆ©sumĆ©s voleurs, souvent faute de preuves. Les Kogl-Weogo, soutenus par les populations des campagnes, mĆØnent une traque acharnĆ©e afin dā€™arrĆŖter, juger et punir les bandits qui volent, braquent et parfois tuent dā€™innocents citoyents. Les Kogl-Weogo bien dĆ©cidĆ©s Ć faire justice eux mĆŖme, martyrisent, torturent jusquā€™Ć ce que les voleurs reconnaissent les faits. AttachĆ©s Ć un arbre, ces derniers peuvent rester attacher pieds et poings liĆ©s subissant durant des jours les sĆ©visses des membres de la sĆ©curitĆ© appartenant Ć lā€™association, lĆ aussi cela peut aller jusquā€™Ć la mort. Ces milices populaires et armĆ©es se multiplient aujourdā€™hui au Burkina Faso et cela pose forcĆ©ment problĆØme. Le dĆ©bat fait grand bruit, et des affrontements ont eu lieu ici mĆŖme Ć Sapouy entre forces de lā€™ordre et Kogl-Weogo qui sā€™Ć©taient rĆ©unis ce jour lĆ pour dĆ©fendre leur cause suite Ć lā€™arrestation de plusieurs membres quelques jours auparavant dans la localitĆ© de Fada. Le gouvernement ne prend pour lā€™instant pas position, et cela lui est reprochĆ© car certains y voient en eux, des groupes armĆ©s, difficilement contrĆ´lables, ne respectant pas les lois et la justice du pays. De plus la confusion pourrait vite ĆŖtre faite, en cette pĆ©riode oĆ¹ Ć peine remis dā€™une tentative de coup dā€™Ć©tat en septembre, le Burkina a subi une attaque terroriste il y a deux mois, et fait actuellement la chasse aux djihadistes. Texte et photos: Ā© Nicolas RĆ©mĆ©nĆ©
Kogl-weogo, literally "defenders of the bush" in the MorƩ language, are grouped in association in order to form rustic militias. Their purpose is to fight against thieves in rural areas, where the police isn't always active and where they blame justice for not doing its job by letting free too easily presumed thieves, because of a lack of evidence.
Kogl-weogo, with the support of the rural people, are chasing after criminals that stole, hold and sometimes kill innocents citizens to judge and punish them themselves.
Kogl-weogo, with their will to bring justice themselves, are bullying and torturing criminals until they confess. They are attached to a tree, feet and fists joined, for days where members of the association will torture them. This method can also bring death to thieves.
Those armed militias composed of ordinaries people are becoming a real problem in Burkina Faso because of their increasing number. The interrogation aorund this matter is a real topic and confrontations in Sapouy have been between police members and Kogl-weogo who were reunited in order to defend their cause after the arrestation of a few members of the Kogl-weogo group in the Fada area.
The government isn't giving his opinion at this moment. Some are seeing in this armed group, dangerous and hardly controllable people that aren't following rules and the law of the country.
Furthermore, confusion could spring between members of the Kogl-weogo group and djihadists who have attemped a terrorist attack in september, so 2 months ago.
Sapouy, Burkina Faso le 14 mars 2016 Rencontre avec les Kogl-weogo de Sapouy. Les Kogl-Weogo, littĆ©ralement les Ā« dĆ©fenseurs de la brousse Ā» en morĆ©, se sont regroupĆ©es en association pour former des milices villageoises dont le but est de lutter contre les voleurs dans les zones rurales, lĆ oĆ¹ la police nā€™est pas toujours prĆ©sente et oĆ¹ ils reprochent Ć la justice de ne pas faire son travail en libĆ©rant trop facilement des prĆ©sumĆ©s voleurs, souvent faute de preuves. Les Kogl-Weogo, soutenus par les populations des campagnes, mĆØnent une traque acharnĆ©e afin dā€™arrĆŖter, juger et punir les bandits qui volent, braquent et parfois tuent dā€™innocents citoyents. Les Kogl-Weogo bien dĆ©cidĆ©s Ć faire justice eux mĆŖme, martyrisent, torturent jusquā€™Ć ce que les voleurs reconnaissent les faits. AttachĆ©s Ć un arbre, ces derniers peuvent rester attacher pieds et poings liĆ©s subissant durant des jours les sĆ©visses des membres de la sĆ©curitĆ© appartenant Ć lā€™association, lĆ aussi cela peut aller jusquā€™Ć la mort. Ces milices populaires et armĆ©es se multiplient aujourdā€™hui au Burkina Faso et cela pose forcĆ©ment problĆØme. Le dĆ©bat fait grand bruit, et des affrontements ont eu lieu ici mĆŖme Ć Sapouy entre forces de lā€™ordre et Kogl-Weogo qui sā€™Ć©taient rĆ©unis ce jour lĆ pour dĆ©fendre leur cause suite Ć lā€™arrestation de plusieurs membres quelques jours auparavant dans la localitĆ© de Fada. Le gouvernement ne prend pour lā€™instant pas position, et cela lui est reprochĆ© car certains y voient en eux, des groupes armĆ©s, difficilement contrĆ´lables, ne respectant pas les lois et la justice du pays. De plus la confusion pourrait vite ĆŖtre faite, en cette pĆ©riode oĆ¹ Ć peine remis dā€™une tentative de coup dā€™Ć©tat en septembre, le Burkina a subi une attaque terroriste il y a deux mois, et fait actuellement la chasse aux djihadistes. Texte et photos: Ā© Nicolas RĆ©mĆ©nĆ©
Viking island : GOTLAND
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132973.jpg
A bed of blue thistles in bloom.
GOTLAND : Viking island.
(county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
(county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132976.jpg
A flowery meadow with a typical log cabin.
Viking island : GOTLAND
(county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
(county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132978.jpg
A country and typical landscape with a wall of old stones and flowery fields.
GOTLAND: Viking island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132993.jpg
The traditional architecture of Gotland Island. A large house surrounded by a green and verdant vegetation.
Vikings island: GOTLAND.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132996.jpg
Some milk thistle flowerhead and wild flowers in a green grassland scattered of ruins.
GOTLAND, Viking island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132998.jpg
A wind-turbine near a flock of sheep.
Gotland : Viking island (Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132999.jpg
A man and his dog walking amongst the rocks of a green setting.
Gotland, Vikings island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133005.jpg
A barn with a thatched roof in the crop.
Gotland: Vikings island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133006.jpg
A mill in the country.
Viking Island: GOTLAND.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133029.jpg
Some climbing red and rose rosebushes decorating an alley of Visby.
GOTLAND : Viking Island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133030.jpg
A resident of Visby walking on a lovely flowery alley in Visby.
GOTLAND : Viking island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133031.jpg
Two man wearing Medieval costums for the Summer yearly fest in Visby.
Gotland : Island of Vikings.
Gotland is a county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea.
Gotland is a county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133033.jpg
Ruins of a church in the city of Visby.
Viking Island: GOTLAND.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133035.jpg
A costumed couple ready to celebrate the Medieval Feast.
GOTLAND : Viking island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0133036.jpg
Picturesque house-front with red rosebushes and its painted door.
GOTLAND : the Viking Island.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132390.jpg
A GOTLAND pony (also called " Gotland russ" ; an old Swedish pony breed) - means "small wooden horse"
Two GOTLAND sheeps (also called GOTLAND pelts)
The domestic sheep named for the Swedish island of Gotland.
The domestic sheep named for the Swedish island of Gotland.
Laurent Paillier / Le Pictorium
LePictorium_0132392.jpg
Viking island : GOTLAND - (county, province, municipality and diocese of Sweden; it is Sweden's largest island and the largest island in the Baltic Sea)
